Introduction to Linguistics (Eng502)

            MA ELT

Introduction to Linguistics (Eng502)

 

Spring 2020

Total Marks: 20

Lectures: 23-34

 

Instructions:

 

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Lecture 27

Q1. Lexical relations are the relationships of the meanings of the words to other words. All of the lexical relations and meaning properties can be differentiated by looking all the words or sentences. There are many kinds of semantic/lexical relations which can be distinguished by its use in any text or context. Give at least ONE example of each lexical category given below:

1)      Synonymy

My father purchased a large automobile.

My dad bought a big car.

2)      Antonymy

I’m bigger than you.

A goat is smaller than a horse.

3)      Hyponymy

Rose is a hyponym of flower

The band was playing old Beatles songs.

She always ties her hair back in a band.

Many insects are banded black and yellow.

 

 

Metonymy

 one word is put for another that suggests it; as, we say, a man keeps a good table instead of good provisions; we read Virgil, that is, his poems; a man has a warm heart, that is, warm affections.

 

The strings are too quiet (music etc.).

I prefer cable (regarding TV channels).

4)      Homonymy

pupil (at school)

pupil (in the eye)

Wreak – Reek

You have to teach him that getting wreak is not a good thing.

where does this bad reek come from?

 

 (2*5=10 Marks)

Lecture 29

Q2. A deictic expression (or deixis) is a word or phrase that points to the time, place, or situation in which a speaker is speaking. Deictic expressions are the bits of language that we can only understand in terms of the speaker’s intended meaning. Enlist any FIVE words that are the symbols of Personal deixis, and Spatial deixis in English language. Also, use them in sentences (at least TWO) so that speaker’s intended meanings get clarity.

(5+5=10 Marks)

 

Person deixis:  To point to things (it, this, these boxes) and people (I,we,theyhim, them, those)

IT

1 it is beautiful palce

2 it is raining heavily .

I

1 I am going to school

2 Now I am sleeping .

WE

1 we are best friends

2 we are four brother;s

They

1 They are going to lahore

2They have learn their lessons.

HE

1 He is crying

2 He is playing .

Spatial deixis: To point to a location (here, there, this, that, Where)

1)Here

·         plz come here.

·         She does not come here.

2)There

There are many boys

There are three cares on road

3)This

This is my pen.

This is table.

4)That

That car is mine.

He spoke so well that everybody was pleased.

5)Where

Where is he?

Where are you going?